Question

What social changes where seen in the society after industrilisation?

Answer 1

hi
The social changes brought about by the Industrial Revolution were significant

The Industrial Revolution brought with it an increase in population and urbanization, as well as new social classes

The bad living conditions in the towns can be traced to lack of good brick, the absence of building codes, and the lack of machinery for public sanitation.

The factory owners’ tendency to regard labourers as commodities and not as a group of human beings.

The Industrial Revolution created a new working class

The new class of industrial workers included all the men, women, and children labouring in the textile mills, pottery works, and mines

Wages were low, hours were long, and working conditions unpleasant and dangerous

Women and children regardless of where they worked, had the most exploitative working condition and the lowest rates of pay.

This is a picture of two children working in the mines.  They were small enough to fit into narrow space. These are often the conditions children worked in.

Conditions in City Life

People flooded into cities from the country side in hopes of finding jobs.

Exclusive neighborhoods were build for wealthy bourgeoisie, while the working poor was forced to live in the ghettos

The poor were forced to tolerate intrusions even at the most intimate times.

People were used to work and home being in the same place and it was normal for parents and children to work together

Working day ranged from 12 to 16 hours

As many as 8 to 10 people would share one room, families and single people of both gender would sleep together.

Houses were built in rows or in squares with a common courtyard, in which there might be a water tap and a common toilet.

There was little access to fresh air and little provision for clean water or removal of refuse, including human waste.

When production was in demand, workers would work extremely hard for a long hours.

When the market was slow, they worked at a more leisurely pace.

Employers imposed fines and penalties for lateness, for interruptions in work and for absenteeism

Social structure as a result of Industrial Revolution

Increase in standard of living eventually resulted from urbanization

Gap between wealthy and working class still remained enormous

Industrial and urban development made society more diverse and less unified

Diversity within middle class

Upper middle class: bankers, industrial leaders, large-scale commerce

Diversified middle class: businessmen, professionals, merchants, doctors and lawyers

Lower middle class: independent shopkeepers and small traders

Working class: about 80% of population

Many were peasants and hired hands (especially in Eastern Europe)

Less unified and homogenous compared to middle classes

Highly skilled workers were at the top of working class (about 15% of pop.)

Semi-skilled workers: carpentry, bricklaying, successful factory workers

Unskilled workers and domestic servants were at the bottom.

Changing family

Romantic love most important reason for marriage by 1850

After 1850 the work of most wives increasingly distinct and separate from their husbands.

Middle-class women begin to organize and resist their second-class status to husbands

Child rearing more child-centered with wife dominating the home domain.


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