Question

What strength value above proof strength is expressed as what?

Answer 1

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So to summarize, proof load is a load that can be held without permanent deformation. It is the lowest force of the three forces that we are discussing. Yield strength is the force exerted at which a fastener permanently deforms. Yield strength is a greater force than proof load.

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Answer 2

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Strength is measured by applied stress, which is equal to force/area. The units of stress are N/m2 or Pascals (1 Pa = 1 N/m2 ; 1 MPa = 1 N/mm2. Specific strength is strength/density - it is mostly just used for comparing materials, so the units are not important.