Question

What two types of atoms make a covalent bond?

a) 2 Nonmetals

b) 1 Nonmetal and 1 Metal

c) 2 Metals

d) 2 Noble Gases
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Answer 1

a) 2 Nonmetals

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Answer 2

Answer:

Option a. 2 Non- Metals is the correct answer.

Explanation:

In general, metals and nonmetals conjoin to form ionic compounds, and nonmetals combine with other nonmetals to form covalent compounds (molecules).

              A covalent bond is formed between 2 non-metals. Electron pairs are shared between atoms to form covalent bonds.

• Further to the right of the periodic table, non-metals have higher ionization energies and electron affinities, making them relatively more accepting of electrons and less likely to lose them.
• They also have more valence electrons and already have an almost full octet of 8 electrons.
• Nonmetals pick up electrons until they have the same number of electrons as the nearest noble gas.

• When nonmetals combine with other nonmetals, they tend to share electrons in covalent bonds rather than forming ions, forming neutral molecules.
• Molecular compounds are gases, liquids, or solids with a low melting point and include a wide variety of substances.

A covalent bond is the partake of electrons between atoms. This type of bond occurs between two atoms of the same element or elements that are in close proximity to each other on the periodic table. This bond occurs mainly between non-metals. It can also be observed between metals and non- metals.

• Covalent bonding is most likely to occur when atoms have similar electronegativity (same affinity for electrons).
• Both atoms have the same affinity for electrons and neither tends to donate electrons, so they share electrons to achieve the octet configuration and are more stable.
• In addition, the ionization energy of the atoms is too large and the electron affinity of the atoms is too little for ionic bonding to occur.

• For example, carbon does not form ionic bonds because it has 4 valence electrons (half an octet).
• To form an ionic bond, a carbon molecule must gain or lose four electrons. This is the least desirable.
• Therefore, carbon molecules share four valence electrons through single, double, and triple bonds, allowing each atom to achieve the noble gas configuration.
• Covalent bonding involves sigma and pi orbital interactions. Covalent bonds, therefore, lead to the formation of single, double, triple, and quadruple bonds.

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