Question

what type of micro organisms digest cellulose carbohydrate present in the grass food of a ruminant

Answer 1

A diverse group of microbes live within the digestive systems of ruminants. Ruminants include cloven-hoofed animals with plant-based diets such as cows, sheep, deer, and goats that degrade plant materials in a specialized foregut organ, the rumen.3 The microbes allow the animals to break down complex plant materials such as amino acids, cellulose, starch, and sugars into simpler products that can then be broken down by the animal’s own metabolism. Figure 1. Light micrograph of Ruminococcus bacteria. Simmering et. al., "Ruminococcus luti sp. nov., Isolated from a Human Faecal Sample."Ruminants have a four-chambered gut, and these microorganisms live primarily in the rumen. One particularly important bacterial genus that takes part in the degradation of cellulose is gram positive Ruminococcus (Figure 1). Ruminococcus bacteria break down the plant fiber into the monosaccharide glucose, which can then be further broken down through glycolysis. This symbiotic relationship enables ruminants to digest this fiber without having to encode for more enzymes in their own genomes to do this job. The relationship with microbes provides ruminants with about 15% of their caloric intake. The Ruminococcus genus, which includes Ruminococcus albus and Ruminococcus flavifaciens, is just one of many microbes living in the rumen. Others include Megasphaera, Fibrobacter, Streptococcus, Escherichia, Chytridiomycetes fungi, and methanogens. It is predicted that 70% of microbes in the rumen have yet to be identified.1 The proportions of microbes present vary greatly depending upon the diet of the ruminant. For this reason, the diets of the animals greatly impact their own health, and also effects consumers of their meat and the environment as a whole.

Answer 2

rrumen protozoa and fungi .ruminants r animals which chew and cud.cud is in chewed grass taken into the rumen which is returned to mouth for chewing