Question

What was khilafat movement when . Why and by whom khilafat movement was started

Answer 1

Short and simple answer
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1.The Ottoman Emperor was considered the Spiritual head (Khalifa) of the Islamic World.

2.The Ottoman Empire was defeated in the World War I. There was a rumour that a harsh treaty was going to be imposed on Ottoman Turkey to end the post of Khalifa.

3.Khilafat Movement was to oppose any attempt to remove Khalifa Post or dismember Ottoman Turkey

4. Ali Brothers , Muhammad Ali and Shaukat Ali got a Khilafat Committee formed in March ,1919 in Bombay.
5. The Khilafat Committee launched a Movement called Khilafat Movement to defend the temporal powers of the Khalifa.
6. Gandhiji lent his support to the movement
7. The Civil Disobedience Movement plus Khilafat Movement began in January 1921.
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Any doubt ,feel free to ask

Answer 2

(i) When the First World War ended, there were rumours that a harsh peace treaty was going to be imposed on the Ottoman emperor. (ii) There was also this rumour that the post of Caliph (Khalifa) would be abolished by the Allies powers and Caliph was the spiritual head of Islamic world.

(iii) To defend the Khalifa's temporal powers, a khilafat committee was formed in Bombay in March 1919.

(iv) Ali Brothers started Khilafat movement to defend the powers of Khalifa.

hope it helps friend ^_^