what was one of the most astonishing ornithological discoveries made by lieutenant skelton
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We often get asked to pick the biggest discoveries n our fields. To me, this is only a part of what we are trying to do, but big things are worth crowing about. So this is something I consider a big discovery that for reasons I do not fully _inderstand has never got the recognition it deserved. I may not be remembering the details with complete accuracy, but this is a story about discovering a new family and an adaptive radiation at the same time.
Back in 2000, Tom Schulenberg, who is now at the Cornell Lab of Ornithology, was working for our Environmental and Conservation
Programs. To me, he's the person at the center of the discovery. At the University of Chicago, Tom did his doctoral work on Vangas, gathering DNA sequence data to better understand evolution of this well known and ecologically diverse radiation of Malagasy birds. But I am not writing about Vangas here, although they are an interesting story in their own right, Tom and others have just published a new phylogeny of vangas. No, I'm alking about the discovery of the family Bernieridae.MENU
Tom is both a skilled ornithologist and a birc while he was in Madagascar, not surprisingly, did all he could to get to know all the birds of the sland. He also collected specimens and tissue samples of many of those species. So did Field Biologist Steve Goodman, as he and Malagasy colleagues worked to document diversity around the country. As collection manager, Dave Willard would send subsamples of these tissues (we call hem tissue loans, but the subsamples generally get used up) to qualified researches making requests to include them into their gene sequencing projects to document parts of the evolutionary tree of songbirds. Tom has always aken an active interest in what such projects were incovering.
Madagascar has a number of brown, green and gray insectivorous perching birds, and what had always been most interesting about them is that they were morphologically and behaviorally similar to birds from Africa and Asia. So similar, that some were placed in the same genera with African species. The Madagascar birds included species placed in the same genus Phyllastrephus, as some African greenbuls
(Pycnonotidae). Others small insectivores were placed in the Old World warblers, theas some African greenbuls
(Pycnonotidae). Others small insectivores W MENU placed in the Old World warblers, the
Sylviidae. Still others that were larger and brown were placed with the Bulbuls
(Timaliidae). Madagascar is full of mysteries, but hese relationships made sense and had been accepted for over 100 years (with the exception of a couple of authors whose hypotheses had been gnored). That is until Tom started to think about his and knew that several people had gathered DNA sequence data for separate family-level projects on Greenbuls, Old World Warblers, and bulbuls. He contacted Alice Cibois, one of these researchers, who at the time was a post-doctoral fellow at the American Museum of Natural History. He suggested that she should get sequences of the Madagascar species placed in hese three families and do a combined analysis with non-Malagasy birds. Basically, Tom had a nunch, and Alice's subsequent analyses proved him right.
The citation for their paper is:
Cibois, A., Slikas, B., Schulenberg, T.S., & Pasquet, E. (2001) An endemic radiation of Malagasy songbirds is revealed by mitochondrial DNA sequence data. Evolution, 55, 1198-1206.
Answer:
U (d) अज्ञान . छ: मित्र P, Q, R, ST और U केन्द्र की ओर देखते हुए एक गोलाकार मेज पर बैठे हैं। S, T के बाएँ ओर तीसरा है। RT और U के बीच