what was the basis and conclusion of minard’s 1952 study?
Answers
Answer:
Egypt ke Raja ne banai thi
Answer:
Early social psychologists considered prejudice to be the result of
society and societal norms, and much research was conducted to support
these theories (Bolton, 1935; Lewin, 1952; Lippitt, 1949; Marrow &
French, 1945). The fundamental assumption of this research is that
intergroup beliefs are determined in large part through social
transmission—observation of others and communication with them.
Generally, information about appropriate characteristics of, and attitudes
and behavior toward members of social groups can be considered as
memes —artifacts of human culture that are transmitted among individuals
(Dawkins, 1976). As the result of this communication, both stereotype
knowledge as well as norms about application (e.g. the appropriateness of
using negative stereotypes in conversation) become part of the social
fabric of the local culture. Intergroup beliefs, like other social knowledge,
are expected to be developed primarily through social comparison with
the beliefs and behaviors of relevant others. Individuals are motivated to
understand social categories and their meanings, and turn to relevant
others to do so. Thus, intergroup beliefs and their appropriateness are
communicated, shared, negotiated, and “co-constructed.”