what was the ideology of nazis
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1. Authoritarianism
The Nazis desired strong government and extensive state power. They believed the Nazi state could not function effectively if it lacked the means to impose its will and enforce its policies. Decisions were to be made by a leader with almost absolute power (a Fuhrer). All political authority and sovereignty rested with this leader, who should be trusted by the people to make important decisions on their behalf (Fuhrerprinzip). No political parties or organisations other than the NSDAP could be tolerated. Other groups with political influence, such as unions or churches, would be either restricted or abolished.
2. Totalitarianism
To the Nazis, state power had few limits and extended into all aspects of German political, social and cultural life. They believed it was the government’s duty not just to devise policy but to shape, coordinate and regulate society for the betterment of the nation. A totalitarian government must have the power to control the press and unions, restrict civil liberties, manage education and employ propaganda. Liberal freedoms from government power – such as civil liberties, individual rights and freedoms – were considered irrelevant and subordinate to the interests of the state.
3. Nationalism
Nazism was chiefly a nationalist ideology. It was concerned only with Germany and its interests: restoring the German economy, achieving economic self-sufficiency, rebuilding its military, acquiring territory and providing for the German people. The Nazis had little interest in forming or improving international relationships, other than to advance German interests. They detested diplomacy and despised multilateral groups like the League of Nations. Hitler and his followers had no intention of honouring or abiding by existing foreign treaties or negotiating new ones, except where it might help fulfil their own objectives.
4. Militarism
Hitler and his followers believed that re-arming and expanding Germany’s armed forces was essential for the defence of the nation. Rearmament was carried out in defiance of the restrictions imposed by the Treaty of Versailles. Hitler considered military strength essential for expanding the German state. The organisation and culture of the NSDAP were fundamentally militaristic. This was evidenced by the size and popularity of the party’s paramilitary groups: the Sturmabteilung (SA) and Schutzstaffel (SS).
5. Expansionism
Hitler and the Nazis dreamed of unifying the German-speaking Aryan peoples of Europe into a greater German state. To achieve this, Hitler believed his regime would need to acquire lebensraum, or ‘living space’, to accommodate the needs of the new Germany. This living space would be seized from the non-Aryan people of eastern Europe, from countries like Czechoslovakia, Poland and Russia. The first step to creating a greater Germany would be to achieve Anschluss: the union of Germany and Austria.
6. A ‘third way’
The horrors of World War I and the Great Depression saw many people reject existing political and economic systems, such as parliamentary democracy and capitalism. Socialism emerged as one alternative – but both Nazism and fascism considered themselves ‘third-way’ ideologies, or alternatives to both democracy and socialism. Hitler was famously hostile to democracy, which he considered a weak and indecisive form of government, too prone to interference and infiltration by destructive forces. He also despised communism, regarding it as a Jewish invention to enslave non-Jewish races.
7. Economic sovereignty
Economic power, prosperity and self-sufficiency were priorities for the NSDAP. The Nazis sought the creation of jobs for unemployed Germans, the restoration of national prosperity, the recovery of industrial production and the rearming of the military. They believed the role of the state was to manage the economy, dictating what should be produced, allocating resources and managing labour. Unemployment would be dealt with by putting the unemployed to work for the benefit of the state. The Nazis had no objection to the private ownership of capital, provided these capitalists were willing to meet government priorities (and provided they were not Jewish).
8. Traditional values
Conservative traditions were a strong feature of Nazi ideology. The Nazis often painted themselves as a new movement but they also promoted traditional values. Hitler frequently spoke of protecting long-standing German values, including Christian beliefs and volkisch connections to the land. He often harked back to the 19th century, when Germany was ruled by men of steel like Otto von Bismarck and German society was relatively untroubled by disruptive influences like socialism, liberalism, democracy and women’s rights.
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Nazism, also spelled Naziism, in full National Socialism, German Nationalsozialismus, totalitarian movement led by Adolf Hitler as head of the Nazi Party in Germany. In its intense nationalism, mass appeal, and dictatorial rule, Nazism shared many elements with Italian fascism.