what was the impact of alexender,s invasion on india
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Mookeiji: “Alexander's invasion promoted the political unification of the country. Smaller states which handicapped unity were now merged in the larger ones, such as those of Paurava, Abhisara or Taxila. These conditions were favourable for the rise of an Indian Empire to be shortly founded by Chandragupta.”
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The Greeks again came into close contact with India following India’s invasion by Alexander in 326 B.C. Alexander became the king of Macedonia in 336 B.C. following the death of his father. After conquering the whole of Greece, Persia, Asia Minor, Egypt etc. he advanced towards India in 326 B.C.
It may be noted that Alexander invaded only the province of Punjab which formed a part of the Persian Empire and did not go beyond Bias, where the Persian territory ended. Soon after Alexander crossed Indus king, Ambi of Taxila accorded a warm reception and offered him rich presents. This ready submission of the ruler of Taxila was due to the fact that he wanted Alexander’s help against the neighbouring states, particularly the kingdom of Abhisara ruled by Porus.
Alexander demanded a homage and a tribute from Porus, which the latter refused to pay. This resulted in a terrible battle between the two which resulted in the defeat of Porus. However, Alexander showed generosity towards Porus and restored his kingdom to him. Thereafter Alexander wanted to proceed eastwards with the intention of attacking Magadha, but the war-worn Macedonian army refused to go beyond Bias.
As a result Alexander had to retreat without accomplishing much. During his return march tribes like Siboi, Agalassoi, Kshudrakas, Mallas offered tough resistance to the Alexander, but he met this resistance with success, and overran them. He faced the toughest battle with the Mallas. Alexander reached Babylon in 323 B.C., where he died of fever.
But the Greek writers have greatly exaggerated the significance of the Alexander’s attack on India and devoted pages after pages to its description. However, it would be wrong to say that the Alexander’s invasion was barren of all the effects and was merely a passing episode. It exercised much influence on the course of Indian history.
It may be noted that Alexander invaded only the province of Punjab which formed a part of the Persian Empire and did not go beyond Bias, where the Persian territory ended. Soon after Alexander crossed Indus king, Ambi of Taxila accorded a warm reception and offered him rich presents. This ready submission of the ruler of Taxila was due to the fact that he wanted Alexander’s help against the neighbouring states, particularly the kingdom of Abhisara ruled by Porus.
Alexander demanded a homage and a tribute from Porus, which the latter refused to pay. This resulted in a terrible battle between the two which resulted in the defeat of Porus. However, Alexander showed generosity towards Porus and restored his kingdom to him. Thereafter Alexander wanted to proceed eastwards with the intention of attacking Magadha, but the war-worn Macedonian army refused to go beyond Bias.
As a result Alexander had to retreat without accomplishing much. During his return march tribes like Siboi, Agalassoi, Kshudrakas, Mallas offered tough resistance to the Alexander, but he met this resistance with success, and overran them. He faced the toughest battle with the Mallas. Alexander reached Babylon in 323 B.C., where he died of fever.
But the Greek writers have greatly exaggerated the significance of the Alexander’s attack on India and devoted pages after pages to its description. However, it would be wrong to say that the Alexander’s invasion was barren of all the effects and was merely a passing episode. It exercised much influence on the course of Indian history.
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