what were some of the disagreements that other activists and leaders had with Gandhi?
Answers
Gandhi was concerned that the "rule" of British Civilization would continue even if the British government left and thus chose "the long road to independence" through unorthodox methods so that the state that emerged would be uniquely Indian. Communications in India in Gandhi's time were very poor. There were no televisions or telephones and only a handful of radios. Gandhi spread his message of nonviolent civil disobedience in the 1930s and 40s by walking from village to village, and informing villagers through village council meeting, school lectures, and meetings with farmers and villager elders.
After return from South Africa in 1915, Gandhi lived in Ahmedabad (320 miles north of Bombay), an industrial city with a labyrinthine old quarter where weavers and craftsmen live in exquisitely-carved double-storied homes. In his home and the ashram where he preached to his followers you can see his spinning wheel, desk and other personal items.
Gandhi began his struggle of India's independence between 1915 and 1920. After Gandhi returned to India towards the end of World War I, he began employing non-violent tactics in his home country that he refined in South Africa. After raising grassroots support among the lower castes in the nationalist movement he organized strikes, boycotts, and hunger strikes.
Gandhi's first major act of non-violence was a fast in 1918 to support textile workers in Ahmadabad striking for higher wages. The factory was an awful sweat shop and workers were forced to work long days for money that was inadequate to feed their families. Observers realized Gandhi's political potential when he used the satyagraha during the anti-Rowlatt Acts protests in Punjab. During his first nationwide satyagraha, Gandhi urged the people to boycott British education institutions, law courts, and products (in favor of swadeshi); to resign from government employment; to refuse to pay taxes; and to forsake British titles and honors. Although Gandhi's first nationwide satyagraha was too late to influence the framing of the new Government of India Act of 1919, the magnitude of disorder resulting from the movement was unparalleled and presented a new challenge to foreign rule.
Gandhi was forced to call off the campaign in 1922 because of atrocities committed against police. However, the abortive campaign marked a milestone in India's political development. For his efforts, Gandhi was imprisoned. "Gandhi gave us a scare," the governor of Bombay from 1918 to 1923 told Time. "His was the most colossal experiment in world history and it came within an inch of succeeding. But he couldn't control men's passions. They became violent, and he called, and he called off his program. You know the rest. We put him in jail."
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