Question

what were the contributions of portuguese to indian in the economic , cultural and social fields.

Answer 1

Answer:

Relations between India and Portugal began amicably in 1947 when the former achieved independence. Relations went into decline after 1950 over Portugal's refusal to surrender its exclaves of Goa, Daman and Diu and Dadra and Nagar Haveli on India's west coast. By 1955, the two nations had cut off diplomatic relations, triggering a crisis which precipitated in the Indian annexation of Portuguese India in 1961. Portugal refused to recognise Indian sovereignty over the annexed territories until 1974 when, following the Carnation Revolution, the new government in Lisbon recognised Indian sovereignty and restored diplomatic relations.

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Answer 2

Answer:

• In 1498, Vasco da Gama of Portugal discovered a new and each-ocean route from Europe to India. He sailed around Africa via the Cape of Good Hope( South Africa) and reached Calicut
• In the beginning, the gold and ivory of Africa had attracted nonnatives. veritably soon, still, trade with Africa concentrated on the slave trade.
• In the 16th century, this trade was a monopoly of Spain and Portugal; latterly it was dominated by Dutch, French, and British merchandisers.
• Time after time (particularly after 1650), thousands of Africans were ended as slaves in the West Indies and in North and South America. From the morning, the Portuguese combined the use of force with trade and they were helped by the superiority of their fortified ships which enabled them to dominate the seas.
• Portuguese interposed in the conflict between the autocrats of Calicut and Cochin to establish their trading centres and forts on the Malabar Coast. Likewise, they attacked and destroyed Arab shipping, severely killing hundreds of Arab merchandisers and navigators.
• By hanging Mughal shipping, they also succeeded in securing numerous trading concessions from the Mughal Emperors. Under the viceroyalty of Alfanso d’ Albuquerque, who captured Goa in 1510, the Portuguese established their domination over the entire Asian land from Hormuz in the Persian Gulf to Malacca in Malaya and the Spice islets in Indonesia.
• Portuguese seized Indian homes on the seacoast and waged constant war to expand their trade and dominions and guard their trade monopoly from their European rivals.
• The Portuguese were intolerant and revolutionary in religious matters. They indulged in forcible conversion offering people the volition of Christianity or brand.
• Portuguese approach was particularly spiteful to the people of India ( where religious forbearance was the rule). They also indulged in inhuman brutality and lawlessness.
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