what were the features of subsidiary alliance
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Subsidiary Alliance is a system developed by the East India Company. It solved the problem of ruling a nation which is under the rule of a king.
The main principles of a subsidiary alliance were:
An Indian ruler entering into a subsidiary alliance with the British had to accept British forces in his territory and also agreed to pay for their maintenance.
The ruler would accet a British people in his state.
Such a ruler would not form an alliance with any other power, nor would he declare war against any power without the permission of the British.
The ruler would not employ any Europeans other than the British, and if he were already doing so, he would dismiss them.
In case of a conflict with any other state, the British would decide what to do, and he would accept their solution.
The ruler would acknowledge the East India Company as the power in India
In return for the ruler accepting its conditions, the Company undertook to protect the state from external dangers and internal disorders.
If the Indian rulers failed to make the payments required by the alliance, then part art of their territory was to be taken away as a penalty.
Under this doctrine, Indian rulers under British protection surrendered the control of their foreign affairs to the British. Most disbanded their native armies, instead maintaining British troops within their states to protect them from attack. As British power grew, in most parts of India this became increasingly unlikely. The system also allowed the British to maintain their army at the expense of local rulers.
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Features of the Subsidiary Alliance :-
- The subsidiary alliance in India was planned by Lord Wellesley but this term was introduced by French Governor Dupleix.
- An Indian ruler entering into Subsidiary Alliance with the British had to dissolve his own armed forces and accept British forces in his territory.
- He also had to pay for the British army’s maintenance. If he failed to make the payment, a portion of his territory would be taken away and ceded to the British.
- In return, the British would protect the Indian state against any foreign attack or internal revolt.
- The British promised non-interference in internal affairs of the Indian state but this was rarely kept.
- The Indian state could not enter into any alliance with any other foreign power.
- He could also not employ any other foreign nationals other than Englishmen in his service. And, if he were employing any, on the signing of the alliance, he had to terminate them from his service. The idea was to curb the influence of the French.
- The Indian state could also not enter into any political connection with another Indian state without British approval.
- The Indian ruler, thus, lost all powers in respect of foreign affairs and the military.
- He virtually lost all his independence and became a British ‘protectorate’.
- A British Resident was also stationed in the Indian Court.
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