What were the major problems that emerged after the world wars?
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Great Britain was almost bankrupt after the war. Rationing continued in the country for some time as well. Though at peace, the country began to lose its foreign colonies. As a direct result of the war, Great Britain lost its status as a world leading economy.
The Soviets dominated all the war torn countries of Eastern Europe, Including a dissected Germany, for the next 40 years. As a result, these countries became satellite communist states, directly controlled by Moscow for the most part
For the following 40 years the Cold War existed between the Soviet Union, it's allies and the U.S. and its allies. This situation was directly responsible for the Cuban Missle Crisis, U.S. involvement in the Korean War, the Vietnam War and American assistance in booting the Soviets out of Afghanistan. Where, by the way, the U.S. government first became involved with a fellow named Osama bin-Ladin.
China, as the result of the war, was weakened and eventually over ran by the communist. Mao Zedong, who killed millions of Chinese became their ruler for many years.
Japan was in ruins as a result of the war. The U.S. subsequently occupied and rebuilt the Japanese economy. In addition, democracy was introduced to the Japanese people. It became well received and Japan today is again a strong, thriving country. However, this transformation took years and many Japanese suffered greatly early in the process.
At wars end, the United States became the only nation in the world who had nuclear weapons. The Soviet Union, recognizing the importance, emphasized their own nuclear program. This, along with well placed spies in the U.S. allowed them to develop their own nuclear weapons by 1950. Since that time, the power to create another, more devastating world war in moments has existed.
This is just to name a few. Many, many other major issues were created as a result of World War II. Some, still to this day. Though a lot of the issues are on a less known, more localized scale, they are just as critical to those involved.