Question

what were the reasons for the critical condition of Indian craftsmen during colonialism

Answer 1

Answer:

Indian craftsmen and artisans resented the British rule because:

The British by following the policy of 'Free Trade' destroyed the Indian textile and handicraft industries.

While no import duties were levied on the British goods entering into India, high duties were imposed on Indian goods entering into Britain.

Answer 2

The British Govt  had a profound effect on the Indian economy in all policies implemented. The traditional structure of the economy has been completely modified and it has become a colonial economy that has been signed off for the needs of Britain's newly emerging industrial economy.

Explanation:

• Under the colonial rule, the Indian artistic crafts which made the nation famous had collapsed. This was primarily because of  the competition of products imported from Britain by the machine. The ability to produce massive products helped Britain flood the Indian market , particularly with cotton textiles, with cheap products.
• Railways facilitated the transport and acquisition of the raw materials for these these goods from the farthest regions of India. The traditional craft industry was faced with a tough competition from these bulk products
• The free trade policy that was adopted by the East India Company helped to establish trading terms favourable to the British. The Indian artisans were forced to sell their goods under the market price & they were  hired for their services by the British  below the wages that pevailed
• Many craftsmen were obliged to give up their ancient trades. The UK exported cotton-like "raw materials" from India. The Indian weaver therefore had to purchase these products at a higher price. As compared to machine made goods, this resulted in increased the cost of Indian crafts. In the English market , Indian goods also were subject to high tariffs, while British goods acquired "duty-free access" in the Indian markets.
• The de-industrialisation policy followed  British was a serious challenge for Indian artisans with regard to foreign commodities. India had now started exporting to British industries of raw materials & imported from the British ready-made goods. This trend led to the ruin of the Indian arts and craft industries.
• The "self-sufficient" village economy was destroyed because the traditional industries were destroyed and the farm sector overcrowded. The de-industrialisation of various sectors of the economy had far profound repercussions

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