What were the reasons which made ‘Green Revolution’ a necessity?
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Explanation:
addition to producing larger quantities of food, the Green Revolution was also beneficial because it made it possible to grow more crops on roughly the same amount of land with a similar amount of effort. This reduced production costs and also resulted in cheaper prices for food in the market.
Answer:
Green Revolution refers mainly to spectacular increase in wheat, rice and corn yields in many countries of the world in the late 20th century due largely to the use of high yielding varieties, chemical fertilizers, pesticides and irrigation water. Here, the world 'revolution' has been used to mean a quick change. This change came from transformation of conventional cultivation system to a high yielding cultivation system with new technologies. This change occurred silently to reduce hunger of millions of people in the world.
The word 'green' is used to symbolize green colour of crops at younger stage. As crops grow, their pleasing green colour comes to light. The term 'green revolution' was first used on March 8, 1968 by former USAID Director william S Gaud while addressing the society for International Development to mean a rapid change in crop production that has occurred through innovation and adoption of new technologies in agriculture. Goud said, 'It is not violent Red Revolution like that of the Soviets, nor is it a While Revolution like that of the Shah of Iran. I call it the Green Revolution.' After that scientists connected with agricultural development have used the term repeatedly. Nobel laureate Dr. Norman Earnst Borlaug used this term more than once in his Nobel lecture while describing the effect of research and technology development on the increase of production in agricultural. The term represents a strategy of quick increase in agricultural production through the use of a production package that contains improved seed, chemical fertilizers, pesticides, irrigation water and improved management. The food production in the planet increased by two and a half times between 1950 and 1995 due to adoption of green revolution technology package in agriculture. As a result, least developed countries were able to escape famine, which would have been otherwise unabated.
Wheat cultivation
Green revolution was first initiated in 1944 in Maxico. This got momentum mainly with the development of a number of high yielding wheat varieties in the late 1940s. Dr. Norman E. Borlaug, an agricultural scientist, who won the Nobel peace prize in 1970 led the revolution. As a result of this revolution, Maxico became self-sufficient in food-grain production in 1951 that used to depend on imports for half of its food-grain requirements. In 1964, the country was able to export about a half million ton of wheat.
This was possible through the adoption of disease resistant, dwarf and non-lodging high yielding varieties of wheat responsive to fertilizer and creation of adequate research infrastructure conducive to innovation and development.
Fertilizer responsive high yielding what vanities developed in Maxico were largely adopted in America. As a result, production of what dramatically increased. The country became self sufficient in food-grain production in the 1950s and started to export food-grains in the 1960s, which was basically a food importing country in the 1940s.'
During the mid- 1960s India and Pakistan were at war and experienced widespread famine and starvation. Nevertheless, these two countries were able to escape famine and hunger within a short period of time due to adoption of new technologies offered by the contemporary green revolution. In 1965, wheat production in Pakistan was 4.6 million tons, which increased to 7.3 million tons in 1970 and further to 21 million tons in 2000. In India, production increased form 12.3 million tons in 1965 to 20.1 million tons in 1970 and 76.4 million tons in 2000. Since the 1960s, food production in both the countries had increased faster than the rate of population growth. Thus, these countries achieved self-sufficiency in food production. Several Asian countries namely, India, Pakistan, Philippines, China, Thailand, Indonesia, Srilanka and Bangladesh have experienced spectacular increase in food production due to green revolution, but this did not happen in Afrieca. In fact, green revolution had generally been less successful their for a number of reasons. Those reasons include lack of efficient management and supervision, and inadequate infrastructure development. Thus, many African countries were unable to harness property the benefits of green revolution and some of them are still in a situation of acute food shortage...........