Question

What were the social causes behind the struggle of 1857

2] why did the Indians fail in the struggle of 1857

Answer 1

The sepoys, a generic term was used for native Indian soldiers of the Bengal army. The spark that led to a mutiny in several sepoy companies was the issue of new gunpowder cartridges for the Enfield rifle in February, 1857. A rumour was spread that the cartridges were made from cow and pig fat. Loading the Enfield required tearing open the greased cartridge with one's teeth. This would have insulted both Hindu and Muslim religious practices; cows were considered holy by Hindus while pigs were considered unclean by Muslims.[1] Underlying grievances over British taxation and recent land annexations by the BEIC were ignited by the sepoy mutineers and within weeks dozens of units of the Indian army joined peasant armies in widespread rebellion. The old aristocracy, both Muslim and Hindu, who were seeing their power steadily eroded by the East India Company, also rebelled against British rule. Another important discontent among the Indian rulers was that the british policies of conquest had created unrest among many indian rulers. The policies like the doctrine of lapse, Subsidiary Alliance deprived Indian rulers of their power.





2
Causes of failure of 1857 revolt


The Revolt or uprising of 1857 was a valiant effort by disgruntled Indian sepoys to overthrow the colonial power from Indian shores, however, it ended in failure. The reasons for the failure of the 1857 Revolt are many and can be grouped into Administrative, Military and Political causes. We will look into each cause of the failure of the 1857 mutiny.

Answer 2

Answer:

1) Social causes behind the struggle of 1857 :-

(i) The English introduced a number of changes in the Indian social life and customs like abolition of Sati, forbidding child marriage, allowing widow remarriage and banning girl-child infanticide. The orthodox Hindu regarded these innovations as an interference in their social set-up.

(ii) The introduction of railways meant that the untouchables would also travel in the same compartments as Brahmins. The orthodox section considered it as an attempt to defame their religion.

(iii) The spread of western culture and English education was not accepted by the orthodox section of society, as they thought it to be an insult to their authority and influence. All these measures produced displeasure in the general public.

2) The Indians failed in the struggle of 1857 :-

(i) There was no proper planning and co-ordination between the Indians as this revolt started with a small number of soldiers in Meerut.

(ii) As there were many Indians interested in the rule of the British they did not take part in the revolt.

Ex: Even though Rani Lakshmibai of Jhansi fought very fearlessly, courageously and bravely, yet she was defeated by the English forces due to the traitors in her own camp.

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