What were the two methods adopted by the assertive nationalists in the freedom struggle?
Answers
Swadeshi - Swadeshi implies production of essential items within one’s own country and utilizing them for domestic use without any or minimum reliance on imported material. This idea was popularised among the masses by organising foreign cloth bonfires, sugar and salt.
Boycott - Swadeshi and boycott are two sides of the same coin. Economic boycott of goods produced in England and promotion and acceptance of Swadeshi was intended to encourage indigenous industries and generate employment. It was also conditioned towards harming British interests in India.
National Education - Assertive nationalists tried to enlist the active participation of students in the national movement. When the British government threatened to take disciplinary action against the students over this, Assertive Nationalists advocated establishment of national universities that were free from government control. As a result, a large number of national schools were established in East Bengal. Bengal National College was formed in Kolkata and Pachaiyappa National College was set in Chennai. In Punjab, the D.A.V. Movement spread their message through different schools and colleges. Through such institutions, efforts were made to impart an education with national orientation.
Passive Resistance - The Assertive Nationalist leaders advocated non-violent resistance and active political resistance by the masses. In order to claim their rights, they advised Indians to refuse to cooperate with the government and to boycott government services, courts, schools and colleges.
boycott
passive resistance
education