what will be the expression for potential energy of a system where an electron is brought towards a nucleus of Z number of a proton from infinity to a distance d
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Answer:
Potential energy
In discussing gravitational potential energy in PY105, we usually associated it with a single object. An object near the surface of the Earth has a potential energy because of its gravitational interaction with the Earth; potential energy is really not associated with a single object, it comes from an interaction between objects.
Similarly, there is an electric potential energy associated with interacting charges. For each pair of interacting charges, the potential energy is given by:
electric potential energy: PE = k q Q / r
Energy is a scalar, not a vector. To find the total electric potential energy associated with a set of charges, simply add up the energy (which may be positive or negative) associated with each pair of charges.
An object near the surface of the Earth experiences a nearly uniform gravitational field with a magnitude of g; its gravitational potential energy is mgh. A charge in a uniform electric field E has an electric potential energy which is given by qEd, where d is the distance moved along (or opposite to) the direction of the field. If the charge moves in the same direction as the force it experiences, it is losing potential energy; if it moves opposite to the direction of the force, it is gaining potential energy.
The relationship between work, kinetic energy, and potential energy, which was discussed in PY105, still applies: