What will happen if we nuke on Moon with the intention to teraform it?
Answers
A “powerful” nuclear bomb is likely a hydrogen bomb. Such bombs have three stages. A chemical explosion, a shaped-charge detonation actually designed to implode a mass of plutonium or other fissionable material triggers a fission reaction, the energy of which is directed to trigger a fusion reaction.
The force of a chemical explosion comes from the rapid exothermic transformation of a solid into gas. Heat is released and chemical reactions result in gases that are initially occupying only the volume of the former solid suddenly pushing outward, taking bomb casings with them, but also creating a shock wave in the air around, compressing that air, too, in a propagating pulse.
The fission and fusion steps will also eject the fission and fusion products, vaporized, into an expanding sphere. But the heat energy excites all matter in the vicinity, flashing it into plasma and vapor at high energy, creating a compression shock wave like the chemical explosion, but on a vastly larger scale.
Underground nuclear detonations typically create a large, somewhat spherical void in the rock immediately adjacent to the location of the bomb. Vaporized rock pushed out through old and new fracture lines cools and solidifies without returning. Much of the energy dissipates as massively large fields of rock are nudged in a man-made earthquake.
Most of the explosions in a nuclear war on Earth would be air bursts. Detonation above the ground allowing broad expansion of the shock wave across the ground. The ability of these explosions to cause great damage comes from the thickness of the atmosphere. The air is thick enough to allow efficient propagation of the shock wave.
Additional detonations in a war on Earth may occur in the far upper atmosphere, with the intent of creating a electronic pulse, either by simple ionization of the bomb in the magnetic fields and ionosphere, or by purpose-built designs that induce the pulse by operation of the bomb assembly, itself. This pulse travels wide and induces current surges in most electronic devices and power lines that can burn out fuses, motors, computers and transformers.
Repeating the stunt on Mars, we find that very low atmospheric pressure makes the propagation of the blast wave far less efficient. There is less material to push out of the way. There is less material to superheat to add to the pushing.
The material inside the expanding ‘fireball’ will vaporize, compact or go flying. The material that does fly away from ground zero will take longer to fall to the ground due to the lower gravity. But the detonation would not be as impressive. There may not even be as much of the signature mushroom stem of the explosion, or the condensation ring below the dome, due to the lower pressure.
The high altitude burst would probably be a dud due to the minimal magnetic field on Mars. At present there is very little electronic infrastructure to ruin.I
It can also destroy the evidence of life present in polar caps of Mars as some microorganisms may be present there and some fossils if present due to green house effect.
And same will happen to moon if we nuke it as there are ice on the dark spots on the moon.
But there are no polar caps on moon.
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