What would happen if the distance between the earth and the sun doubled?
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If you take the Earth to double the distance from where it is situated now... the gravitational attraction would break into 1/4th of what it was.
The formula of gravitational force is F = (G × M1 × M2) / R^2 where, F is the force of gravity, M1 is the mass of the 1st body, M2 is the mass of the other body and R is the distance between the two bodies.
If you want to keep the Earth in that new orbit... you have to increase the speed of Earth's revolution considerably .
Hope it helps :)
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