when a basic solution is added to an indicator, a green colour is produced. the indicator should be
Answers
Class 7 - Chemistry - Acids, Bases and Salts
Question 1:
State differences between acids and bases?
Answer:
Acids
Bases
1. Its taste is sour.
Its taste is bitter.
2. It turns blue litmus paper to red.
It turns red litmus paper to blue.
3. It contains hydrogen ion (H+).
It contains hydroxyl ion(OH-)
4. It doesn’t feel soapy to touch.
It feels soapy to touch.
5. Examples: Curd, lemon juice and
Vinegar.
Examples: Baking soda, Soap and lime
water.
Question 2:
Ammonia is found in many household products, such as window cleaners. It turns red litmus blue. What is its nature?
Answer:
Ammonia turns red litmus to blue so it is basic in nature.
Question 3:
Name the source from which litmus solution is obtained. What is the use of this solution?
Answer:
Litmus is extracted from lichens. It has a mauve (purple) colour in distilled water.
When added to an acidic solution, it turns red and when added to a basic solution, it turns blue. So, it is used to test the acidic or basic nature of solutions.
Question 4:
Is the distilled water acidic/basic/neutral? How would you verify it?
Answer:
Distilled water is neutral by nature. We can verify it by litmus test. Water does not change the colour of either red or blue litmus.
Question 5:
Describe the process of neutralisation with the help of an example.
Answer:
When an acid and base solutions are mixed in suitable amounts both the solutions neutralise the effect of each other and a new substance is formed .
This process is known as neutralisation. Salt and water are produced in this process with the evolution of heat.
Antacids like milk of magnesia (magnesium hydroxide), baking soda, etc.
which contain a base are used for reducing acidity in stomach when excessive acid released by glands.
Fill one fourth of a test tube with dilute hydrochloric acid and add few drop of litmus solution.
Now the colour of the solutions becomes red. Now add to this acidic solution drops of sodium hydroxide solution gradually one by one with a dropper.
Stir the tube gently. Continue adding the sodium hydroxide solution drop by drop while stirring till the colour just become green.
Now the effect of hydrochloric acid is neutralized by the base sodium hydroxide.
Hydrochloric acid (HCl) + Sodium Hydroxide (NaOH) -> Sodium Chloride (NaCl) + Water (H2O)
Question 6:
Mark ‘T’ if the statement is true and ‘F’ if it is false:
(i) Nitric acid turns red litmus blue. (T/F)
(ii) Sodium hydroxide turns blue litmus red. (T/F)
(iii) Sodium hydroxide and hydrochloric acid neutralise each other and form salt and water. (T/F)
(iv) Indicator is a substance which shows different colours in acidic and basic solutions. (T/F)
(v) Tooth decay is caused by the presence of a base. (T/F)
Answer:
(i) Nitric acid turns red litmus blue. (False)
(ii) Sodium hydroxide turns blue litmus red. (False)
(iii) Sodium hydroxide and hydrochloric acid neutralise each other and form salt and water. (True)
(iv) Indicator is a substance which shows different colours in acidic and basic solutions.
(True)
(v) Tooth decay is caused by the presence of a base. (False)
Question 7:
Dorji has a few bottles of soft drink in his restaurant. But, unfortunately, these are not labelled.
He has to serve the drinks on the demand of customers. One customer wants acidic drink; another wants basic and third one wants neutral drink.
How will Dorji decide which drink is to be served to whom?
Answer:
Dorji can use litmus test on these drinks. Just drop few drops of drink on litmus paper and take the decision according to the following:
(1) If it turns blue, drink is basic.
(2) If it turns red, drink is acidic.
(3) If it turns green, drink is neutral.
Question 8:
Explain why:
An antacid tablet is taken when you suffer from acidity.
Calamine solution is applied on the skin when an ant bites.
Factory waste is neutralised before disposing it into the water bodies.
Answer:
(a) Due to the release of excess of hydrochloric acid, we suffer from acidity.
When we take an antacid tablet; it consists of base like milk of magnesia (magnesium hydroxide).
It neutralises the effect of excessive acid released in stomach.
(b) Ant injects an acidic liquid (Formic acid) into the skin on biting which causes inflammation, to the skin.
The effect of the acid can be neutralised by rubbing. Calamine solution contains zinc carbonate is very weak base and it causes no harm to the skin.
(c) The wastes of factories contain acids. If they are allowed to flow into the water bodies, the acids will kill aquatic organisms.
The factory wastes are, therefore, neutralized by adding basic substances.
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