when an electric current passes through a conductor (wire), some heat generated. why does this happen?
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Electric current is nothing but the flow of electrons. Thus, when a potential difference is applied across the ends of the wire, an electric field is set up across it's ends. The large number of free electrons present in the conductor move towards the positive end, and due to this motion, acquire kinetic energy. However, on their way, they collide with the ions of the conductor and transfer their kinetic energy to them. As a result, the kinetic energy of the vibration of the ions increases, and this energy is subsequently converted to heat energy, which is emitted out of the wire, thus resulting in an increase in its temperature.
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