Question

when and how did colonialism emerge in Vietnam

Answer 1

French colonialism in Vietnam lasted more than six decades. By the late 1880s, the French controlled Vietnam, Laos and Cambodia, which were collectively referred to as Indochine Français (French Indochina). Indochina became one of France’s most lucrative colonial possessions. It was part of a French empire that spanned northern and western Africa, as well as islands in the Caribbean and the Pacific. To justify their imperialism, the French developed their own principle called the mission civilisatrice (or ‘civilising mission’). It was, in effect, a French form of the English ‘white man’s burden’. French imperialists claimed it was their responsibility to colonise undeveloped regions in Africa and Asia, to introduce modern political ideas, social reforms, industrial methods and new technologies. Without European intervention, these places would remain backward, uncivilised and impoverished. The mission civilisatrice was a facade: the real motive for French colonialism was profit and economic exploitation. French imperialism was driven by a demand for resources, raw materials and cheap labour. The development of colonised nations was scarcely considered, except where it happened to benefit French interests.

Answer 2

Nationalism in Vietnam was the result of the efforts of different sections of society :

a. Many religious movements began in Vietnam to show their hostility to the presence of French, and to Christianity. For example Scholars movement of 1868.

b. The role of Phan Boi Chau, who formed the revolutionary society to resist French domination, and who sought the support of the monarchy and the court to drive the French out.

c. The role of Phan Chi Trinh who resisted French presence but was not totally against the western ideas.

d. The Go East movement of the early 20thy century, which aimed to re establish the Nguyen dynasty by seeking Japanese and the Chinese help.

e. Students , teachers actively resisted French presence and domination in schools.

f. The role of the rat catchers cannot also be undermined. The rat menace revealed the limits of the colonial power.  

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