Question

When and where was carbonnari established?

Answer 1

Explanation:

Pierre-Joseph Briot, a senior French official who was also an unreconstructed Jacobin and a long-standing opponent of Bonaparte's dictatorship, founded one of the first Carbonarist lodges in Calabria.

The Carbonari's first lodges were formed in the early 1800s in southern Italy. In opposition to Joachim Murat, Napoleon's leader, they developed a liberal and nationalist character. By 1814, the movement spread north to the Marches and the Romagna.