When and why did the splits occur in indian national congress?
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On 12 November 1969, the Prime Minister of India Indira Gandhi was expelled from the Congress party for violating the party discipline. The party finally split with Indira Gandhi setting up a rival organization, which came to be known as Congress (R). In the All India Congress Committee, 446 of its 705 members walked over to Indira's side.[1] The Indian National Congress (Organisation) was also occasionally informally referred to as the Syndicate and the Indira faction by "Indicate". K Kamaraj and later Morarji Desai were the leaders of the INC(O).
INC(O) led governments in Bihar under Bhola Paswan Shastri, Karnataka under Veerendra Patil, and in Gujarat under Hitendra K Desai. It was also a part of the Janata Morcha that ruled Gujarat under Babubhai J. Patel from 1975–1976 during the emergency era.
The split can in some ways be seen as a left-wing/right-wing division. Indira wanted to use a populist agenda in order to mobilize popular support for the party. The regional party elites, who formed the INC(O), stood for a more right-wing agenda, and distrusted Soviet help.
In the 1971 general election, the INC(O) won about 10% of the vote and 16 Lok Sabhaseats, against 44% of the vote and 352 seats for Indira's Congress. In March 1977, the party fought the post-Emergency election under the banner of Janata Party.
The Janata Party alliance inflicted crushing defeat to Indira's Congress Party. Nevertheless, the total vote share of Congress (O) in 1977 was almost halved from 1971 and they lost three seats.[citation needed]. Later the same year, INC(O) formally merged with the Bharatiya Lok Dal, Bharatiya Jan Sangh, Socialist Party of India, Swatantra Party and others to form the Janata Party. Congress (O)'s leader Morarji Desai served as the fourthPrime Minister of India from 1977 to 1979 which was India's first non-Congress government.[2]
1. In 1907 the INC meeting was to be held in Nagpur and the extremists wanted Lala Lajpat Rai and Bal Gangadhar Tilak as president. But moderates wanted Rash Bihari Ghosh to be president. Gopal Krishna Gokhale changed the meeting place from Nagpur to Surat fearing that if Nagpur was to be held as meeting place then Bal Gangadhar Tilak would become President. The partition of Bengal became the rise of extremism in INC. Moderates then held a secret meeting and decided to expel extremists from the INC.
2. The second part of the split was amongst the Hindus and Muslims due to the militant nationalism that had existed long before, set in place due to the multifacetous culture and tradition established by the multifarious ruling dynasties. Extremists like Bal Gangadhar Tilak, to promote the sensations of unity and nationalism, popularised the Hindu culture that had existed previously.
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