when angle is less than 90 than electric flux is
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Answer:
On the topic of the electric field, has been discussed the definition and equation of the electric field which can be used to calculate the electric field strength produced by an electric charge, some electric charge or by an electric charge distribution. The calculation of the electric field strength produced by an electric charge or two electric charges is easily solved using the formula of electric field strength. If what is calculated is the electric field strength generated by an electric charge distribution, the calculation is more complicated if the formula for electric field strength is used but it is easier to use Gauss’s law. Before studying Gauss law in depth, first understood that electric flux because of the concept of electric flux used in Gauss law.
Definition of the electric flux
The word flux is derived from the Latin word, fluere, which means to flow. Electrical flux can be interpreted as an electric field flow. The word flow here does not show an electric field flowing like flowing water but explains the existence of an electric field that leads to a particular direction. On the topic of electric field lines, it has been explained that the electric field is visualized or drawn using electric field lines hence electric fluxes are also described as electric field lines. So electric flux is electric field line that passes a specific surface area, as exemplified in the figure below.
The equation of the electric flux
Mathematically, electrical flux is the product of the electric field (E), surface area (A) and the cosine of the angle between the electric field line and the normal line perpendicular to the surface.
F = E A cos θ ……………. (Equation 1)
If the electric field lines are perpendicular to the surface area they pass as in the figure, then the angle between the electric field line and the normal line is 0o, where cos 0o = 1. Thus the formula for electric flux changes to:
F = E A cos 0o = E A (1)
F = E A ……………. (Equation 2)
Based on the formula the electric flux above concluded several things. First, the electric flux is maximum when the electric field line is perpendicular to the surface area because at this condition the angle between the electric field line and the normal line is 0o, where the cosine 0o is 1. Second, the electric flux is minimum when the electric field line is parallel to the surface area because at this condition the angle between the electric field line and the normal line is 90o, where the cosine 90o is 0. Third, the electric flux depends on the electric field (E) and the surface area (A). In addition to the square-shaped surface area as in the example above, the surface area can also be spherical and others.
Electric flux on the closed surface
The electric charge described earlier uses an example of an open surface (square or rectangular surface area). How do electric fluxes on closed surfaces such as cubes, beams or balls? Suppose there are electric field lines that pass through the beam as shown below.
The electric field lines which are colored in blue coincide with the upper and lower surfaces of the beam so that they form an angle of 90o with the normal line of the upper and lower surfaces. Thus the electric flux on the upper and lower surfaces of the beam is F = E A cos 90o = E A (0) = 0.
The electric field lines which are given a yellow color coincide with the right and left side surfaces of the beam so that they form an angle of 90
Answer:
Explanation: if angle less than 90 than electric flux will be -ve