Question

when does an electric short circuit of occur
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Answer 1

when sometime insulation of live wire and neutral wire get damage due to which both wire came in contact with each other

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Answer 2

$\bf\huge\underline\mathfrak{Answer}$

When the insulation of wires is damaged or there is a fault in the appliance, due to which the live wire and neutral wire come in direct contact, the current in the circuit increases abruptly. This is called short-circuiting.