Question

when does the northern plain experience cold waves?

Answer 1

By the end of December (22nd December), the sun shines vertically over the Tropic of Capricorn in the southern hemisphere. So, India which is located in the northern hemisphere experiences low temperatures. January and February are the coldest months over most parts of the country.

The isotherm of 20°C runs roughly parallel to the Tropic of Cancer.

The northern region:
This season usually begins in late-November in northern India. Lowest temperatures are observed in Punjab and Rajasthan. December and January are the coldest months in the northern plain. The night temperature may be quite low, sometimes going below freezing point in Punjab and Rajasthan.