Question

When electrons drift in a metal from lower to higher potential, does it means that all the free elections of the metal are moving in the same directions?

Answer 1

No they are actually moving in the same direction like straight line but the net movement will be from lower to higher potential. Electron has two motions

1: drift motion due to potential difference.

2: normal motion of the electron in a metal when there is no potential is maintained.( Random motion)

So the electron experiences combination of these two motions.

Look at this picture

Electron ocean in a normal metal ( free electrons)

When potential is maintained they drift

In a that direction as a net motion .

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