Question

When the chemicals in the electric cell are used up, the electric cell stops
producing electricity. The electric cell is then replaced with a new one. In case of
rechargeable batteries (such as the type used in mobile phones, camera and
inverters), they are used again and again. How?

Answer 1

Answer:

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Answer 2

Explanation:

In the galvanic cell, the electric energy is created from the chemical reactions. Electrons jump between molecules and electrodes as the molecules (or their groups) regroup. The cell discharges (depletes) when it runs out of the chemicals to sustain the reactions that generate electricity. In rechargeable batteries, more properly - accumulators or reversible cells, the same chemical reactions can be “undone” by running the current in the opposite direction, which is achieved by giving the cell the voltage that is of same polarity but higher value than it’s own no-current voltage (= the EMF, roughly speaking if we ignore electrode polarization effects). This stores a chemical energy back in the battery compounds at the expense of the electric energy delivered by the external source.

In single use non-rechargeable cells the reactions are irreversible or rather hardly reversible (as no chemical reaction is irreversible - it’s a matter of shifting the reaction equilibrium point towards one or another side of the equation).