Question

when were the reasons of French revolution​

Answer 1

Answer:

Causes of the French Revolution:-

1. International: struggle for hegemony and Empire outstrips the fiscal resources of the state

2. Political conflict: conflict between the Monarchy and the nobility over the “reform” of the tax system led to paralysis and bankruptcy.

3. The Enlightenment: impulse for reform intensifies political conflicts; reinforces traditional aristocratic constitutionalism, one variant of which was laid out in Montequieu’s Spirit of the Laws; introduces new notions of good government, the most radical being popular sovereignty, as in Rousseau’s Social Contract [1762]; the attack on the regime and privileged class by the Literary Underground of “Grub Street;” the broadening influence of public opinion.

4. Social antagonisms between two rising groups: the aristocracy and the bourgeoisie

5. Ineffective ruler: Louis XVI

6. Economic hardship, especially the agrarian crisis of 1788-89 generates popular discontent and disorders caused by food shortages.

Explanation:

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Answer 2

The Circumstances that led to the Outbreak of Revolutionary Protest in France are -

1. Unjust taxation -

The members of the 1st and the 2nd Estates were exempted from paying taxes to the State. All the taxes were paid by the members of the 3rd Estate.

2. Social Disparity -

In the 17th Century, the French Society was Divided into three Groups, called the Estates. They are -

• The First Estate - Clergy
• The Second Estate - Nobility
• The Third Estate - Common People/Citizens

Although the upper two Classes made up only a small Fraction of the Total Population, yet they were the People who controlled the Political & Economic System of the Nation. They Enjoyed al te Rights and Previliges. The Peole belonging to the 3rd Estate did not enjoy any Political Right.

3. The Rise of the Middle Class -

The spread if Industrial Revolution led to the emergence of the Middle Class. It was the Class of Businessmen, Traders, Bankers, Manufacturers, Scholars, etc...THe Middle Class People became te Leaders of the French Revolution.

4. Influence of the Philosophers & Writers -

There were many rench Philosophers & thinkers like Montesquieu, Rousseau, Volatire & Mirabeau, who exposed the Evils prevailing in the Society. They infused the People withthe idea of Liberty, Fraternity & Equality.

5. Wide Gap between the Rich & the Poor -

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