which are the major physiographic division of india? contrast the relief of the himalayan region and peninsular plateau
Answers
There are 6 physiograpic division in India there are
1)Peninsula plateau
2)Himalayas
3)Islands
4)Deserts
5)Peninsular plateau
6)Coastal plain.
The Himalayan region has the most rugged relief,it is divided into 3 parts (greater Himalayas,lesser Himalayas,shivalliks) this region has low temperature they reach high altitudes.
Peninsularis divided into 2 parts (central,deccan) it received moderate temperature, the deccan plateau is titled towards the east.
INDIA
The major physiographic divisions of India: -
1. The Himalayan Mountains
2. The Northern Plains
3. The Peninsular Plateau
4. The Indian Desert
5. The Coastal Plains
6. The Islands
1. THE HIMALAYAN MOUNTAINS
The name "Himalaya" means "the abode or house of snow" in Sanskrit (i.e. hima "snow", and ālaya "abode or house".
The Himalaya mountain range is the highest on earth and is often referred to as the "roof of the world".
These mountain ranges run in a west-east direction from the Indus to the Brahmaputra.
The Himalayas represent the loftiest and one of the most rugged mountain barriers in the world.
The great Himalayas are also known as the young fold mountains.
The Himalayas run along the northern border of India.
The Himalayas form an arc which is about 2,400 km long.
The width varies from 400 km in Kashmir to 150 km in Arunachal Pradesh.
The altitudinal variations are greater in the eastern part than in the western part.
There are three parallel ranges in its longitudinal extent (i.e. The Great or Inner Himalayas or Himadri, The Lesser Himalaya or Himachal and The
THE GREAT OR INNER HIMALAYAS OR HIMADRI:
This is the northernmost range and is also known as 'Himadri'.
This is the most continuous range.
It contains the loftiest peaks.
The average height of peaks in this range is 6,000 meters.
All the prominent Himalayan peaks are in this range.
The folds of the Great Himalayas are irregular in nature.
The core of this part is composed of granite.
Because of the lofty heights, the peaks of this range are perennially covered with snow.
Famous glaciers like the Siachen Glacier, the Gangotri and Yamunotri, etc.
HE LESSER HIMALAYA OR HIMACHAL:
This range lies towards the south of the Great Himalayas.
The altitude of peaks in this range varies from 3,700 to 4,500 meter.
Average width of this range is 50 km.
This range is mainly composed of highly compressed and altered rocks.
The most important mountain range here is the Pir Panjal mountain range and it is the longest range.
Dhaula Dhar and Mahabharat mountain ranges are also important ranges of lesser himalayas.
All great valleys like Kashmir Valley, Kangra Valley, Kullu Valley are present here.
This region is also known as for its hill stations (for e.g. Kullu,-Manali, Kufri, Shimla, Mussoorie, Nanital,
HIWALIKS:
The outermost range of the Himalayas is known as Shiwaliks, also known as Manak Parbat in ancient times.
The altitude varies between 900 and 1100 meters in this range.
The width varies between 10 to 50 km.
These ranges are composed of unconsolidated sediments brought down by the rivers.
The longitudinal valleys lying between the Himachal and Shiwaliks are called 'Dun'.
Unlike typical river valleys, duns have a structural origin and are covered with boulders and gravel originating from the erosion of the Himalayas and the Shiwalik uplands. Major duns found in the region are Dehra, Kothri, Chaukham, Patli and Kota. The dun of Dehra is the
HIMALAYAN REGIONS FROM WEST TO EAST:
Himalayas have also been divided on the basis of regions from west to east. The division has been done on the basis of the rivers flowing in the himalayan regions. Following is the division: -
Punjab Himalayas: This part lies between the Indus and Sutlej. They are also known as Kashmir Himalaya and Himachal Himalaya.
Kumaon Himalayas: This part lies between Sutlej and Kali rivers.
Nepal Himalayas: This part lies between the Kali and Tista rivers.
Assam Himalayas: This part lies between the Tista and Dihang rivers.
Some regional names of himalayas are: - Sagarmatha Himal , Annapurna Himal , Ganesh Himal, Langtang Himal, Manaslu Himal , Rolwaling Himal, Jugal Himal, Gauri Sankar Himal, Kanjirowa Himal, Khumbu Himal, Dhaulagiri Himal, Purvachal
EASTERN HILLS AND MOUNTAINS:
The Brahmaputra marks the eastern border of the Himalayas.
Beyond the Dihang gorge, the Himalayas bend sharply towards south and form the Eastern hills or Purvachal.
These hills run through the north eastern states of India.
They are mostly composed of sandstones (i.e. Sedimentary rocks).
These hills are covered with dense forest.
These hills are composed of the Patkai Hills, Naga Hills, Manipuri Hills and Mizo Hills.