Question

Which average is used, when there is a tie in the ranks?​

Answer 1

Tied ranks are replaced by averaged ranks (Table 4). The double sum in Equation is extended over all sets of t tied ranks in each of the n rows.

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Answer 2

Explanation:

For example, if we know the 15 members that comprise the part of the Politburo not in the PSC, but we do not know how they rank in relation to each other, we assign them a tied rank that places them below the PSC and above the rest of the CC.

This means that we must generalize metrics on SN to deal with the case of tied ranks; this will also suffice to handle the situation in which two top elite lists do not include the same members--we take them to provide only partial information, with unlisted people assumed to be ranked equally, but below listed ones.

Circulation of the elite in the Chinese Communist Party

Tied ranks are replaced by averaged ranks (Table 4).