Question

Which displacement reaction is most likely to occur? Use the resources to help you.

Answer 1

Answer:

When a more reactive element comes in contact with less reactive element, it displaces the less reactive element from its solution. This type of reaction is known as displacement reaction. For example, when iron comes in contact with copper sulphate, it forms iron sulphate and copper. This is because iron is more reactive than copper. Similarly, when zinc comes in contact with iron sulphate, it forms zinc sulphate and iron. This is because zinc is more reactive than iron. If we mix iron and zinc sulphate, there will be no reaction, as iron is less reactive than zinc. The reaction between iron sulphate and zinc can be represented as:

Iron sulphate + Zinc → Zinc sulphate + Iron

Answer 2

Answer:

Displacement reactions occur when a metal from the electrochemical series is mixed with the ions of a metal lower down in the electrochemical series. The atoms of the more reactive metal push their electrons on to ions of the less reactive metal.

An example can be seen below.

A beaker contains copper sulfate solution, blue in colour and some magnesium powder. The beaker is stirred and the contents change to colourless magnesium sulfate solution and copper powder.

The atoms of the reactive magnesium give away electrons.

Mg(s) \to Mg_{}^{2 + }(aq) + 2e_{}^ -

( Mg(s) = silvery metal atoms)

( Mg_{}^{2 + }(aq) = colourless soluble metal ions)

The ions of the less reactive copper are forced to accept these electrons.

Cu_{}^{2 + }(aq) + 2e_{}^ - \to Cu(s)

( Cu_{}^{2 + }(aq) = blue ions)

( Cu(s) = brown metal powder)

The overall equation for the displacement of copper by magnesium is:

Mg(s) + Cu_{}^{2 + }(aq) \to Mg_{}^{2 + }(aq) + Cu(s)

Hint: Notice that there are sometimes colour changes during displacement reactions, depending on the reactants and the products involved. Ion-electron equations for half reactions like these are given in the data booklet.

Some other examples of displacement reactions which can occur are:

zinc displacing iron ions from iron(II) sulfate solution

nickel displacing copper from copper(II) nitrate solution

copper displacing silver from silver(I) nitrate solution

The higher up metal in the electrochemical series always displaces the ions of the lower down metal. Low down metals in the series cannot displace more reactive metals from their solutions. You can use this idea to predict whether a displacement reaction will occur.

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