Question

Which of the following factors is responsible for the formation of concentrated urine?
(1) Low levels of antidiuretic hormone.
(2) Maintaining hyperosmolarity towards inner medullary interstitium in the kidneys.
(3) Secretion of erythropoietin by Juxtaglomerular complex.
(4) Hydrostatic pressure during glomerular filtration.

Answer 1

Answer:

The factors that are responsible for the formation of concentrated urine are loop of Henle and Anti-Diuretic Hormone. The loop of Henle creates a negative or low water potential in the medulla tissues so that more water gets absorbed from the fluid present in the collecting duct

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Answer 2

Maintaining hyperosmolarity towards inner medullary interstitium in the kidneys  is responsible for the formation of concentrated urine

Step by step explanation:

• The proximity between Henle's loop and vasa recta as well as the counter current in them help to maintain an increasing osmolarity towards the inner medullary interstitium.

• This mechanism helps to maintain a gradient of concentration in medullary interstitium so that human urine is concentrated almost four times that of the initial filtrate formed.
• Maintaining hyperosmolarity towards inner medullary interstitium in the kidneys is responsible for the formation of concentrated urine.

Hence, correct answer is 2.