Which quantum number reveal information about the shape, energy, orientation and size of orbitals?
Answers
Principal quantum number.
Azimuthal Quantum number.
Magnetic Quantum number.
Explanation :
Atomic orbitals are distinguished by Quantum numbers .Each orbital is designated by three quantum number labelled as n,land ms.
The principal Quantum number [n] is a positive integer with values of 1,2,3....
n identifies the shell, determines its size and energy of orbitals.
Azimuthal Quantum number [l]:
l has integer values from 0 to n-1 for each value of n.
Each value of l is related to shape of a particular sub shell in the space around nucleus.
Magnetic Quantum number -ml:
ml has integer value between -l to l including zero.
ml describe the orientation of orbital in space relative to other orbitals in an atom.
Magnetic spin quantum number ---ms
ms represent the property of electron.it refers to two possible orientations of electrons.
ms= +1/2 clock wise spin
ms= -1/2 anti clock wise spin.
Answer:Group Displacement Law
Group displacement law
Fajan, Russel and Soddy (1913) gave group displacement law which states that on the emission of an \alpha-particle the new element lies two columns left in the periodic table and mass number decreases by 4 units, and on the emission of a \beta-particle the new element lies one column right in the periodic table and mass number remains the same. For example:
^{226}_{88} Ra \overset{-\alpha}{\rightarrow} ^{222}_{86}Rn \; \; ^{214}_{84}Po \overset{-\alpha}{\rightarrow} ^{210}_{82}Pb \\[3mm] \text{II Gp.} \; \; \; \; 0 \; \; \; \; \text{VI Gp.} \; \; \; \; \text{IV Gp.} \\[3mm] ^{24}_{11}Na \overset{-\beta}{\rightarrow} ^{24}_{12} Mg \; \; ^{210}_{82}Pb\overset{-\beta}{\rightarrow}^{210}_{83}Bi \\[3mm] \text{I Gp.} \; \; \; \; \text{II Gp.} \; \; \; \; \text{IV Gp.} \; \; \; \; \text{V Gp.}
Remember this law is not valid for lanthanides (at. No. 58 to 71), actinides (at. No. 90 to 103) and elements of VIII group. Due to the presence of many elements in the same period of the same group.
To find number of a, b particles:
Number of a-particles = \dfrac{\text{change in mass no.}}{4}
Number of b-particles = 2 \times \alpha-\text{particles}- [Z_1-Z_2]
Ex. ^{238}_{92}U \to ^{206}_{82} Pb
Number of \alpha-particles = \dfrac{238- 206}{4} = 8
Number of \beta-particles = 2 \times 8- [92- 82] = 6