Question

Which social groups came in the forefront in bringing socio-political change in the continent of Europe? Answer the question by examining their role in the national movements in Europe.

Answer 1

Answer:

your answer is the middle class family.

Explanation:

in the mediaeval Europe the social structure was highly destabilised. society was divided into 4 estates,but the tax was paid by only the 3rd estate. in this estate most of the people's were farmers, teachers and doctores etc. but by time the educated persons of this estate formed a new class,called the middle class. they played a important role in all national movements of Europe(except Russian national movement).

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Answer 2

Answer:

Middle class family groups came in the forefront in bringing socio-political change in the continent of Europe.

Explanation:

• The 1848 revolution of the liberals refers to the discontent and various national movements pioneered by educated middle classes alongside the revolts of the poor, unemployed and starving peasants and workers in Europe. While in countries like France, food shortages and widespread unemployment during 1848 led to popular uprisings, in other parts of Europe (such as Germany, Italy, Poland and the Austro-Hungarian Empire), men and women of the liberal middle classes came together to voice their demands for the creation of nation-states based on parliamentary principles. The political, social and economic ideas supported by the liberals were:
• Politically, they demanded constitutionalism with national unification, a nation-state with a written constitution and parliamentary administration. They wanted to establish individual freedom and equality before the law and equal political rights.
• Socially, they wanted to rid society of its class-based partialities and birthrights. Serfdom and bonded labour had to be abolished.The Issue of political rights to women also was a social issue. Liberal also stressed the inviolability of private property.
• Economically they demanded freedom of markets and right to property. Abolition of state imposed restrictions on the movements of goods and capital.
• Culture played an important role in creating the idea of the nation : art and poetry, stories and music helped express and shape nationalist feelings. Romanticism helped in developing a particular form of nationalist sentiments.

1. Romantic artists and poets generally criticised the glorification of reason and science.
2. They focused on emotions, intuition and mystical feelings in order to create a sense of a shared collective heritage, a common cultural past, as the basis of a nation.
3. German philosopher Johann Gottfried tried to popularise the true spirit of the nation through folk songs, folk poetry and folk dances.
4. The emphasis on Vernacular language and the collection of local folklore was to recover an ancient national spirit and to carry the modern nationalist message to large audiences who were mostly illiterate.
5. In Poland which had been partitioned by the Great Powers, national feelings were kept alive through music and language. Karol Kurpinski celebrated the national struggle through his operas and music, turning folk dances like the polonaise and mazurka into nationalist symbols.
6. Language too played an important role in developing nationalist sentiments.

• After Russian occupation, the Polish language was forced out of schools and Russian language was imposed everywhere.

• In 1831 an armed rebellion against Russian rule was crushed.
• After this many members of the clergy in Poland began to use language as a weapon of national resistance.
• Polish was used for church gatherings and all instructions. The use of Polish came to be seen as symbol of the struggle against Russian dominance.
• As a result of it a large number of priests and bishops were put in jail or sent to Siberia by the Russian authorities as punishment. But the use of Polish came to be seen as a symbol of the struggle against Russian dominance.

Learn more about the information

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