Which Type Of Cells Transport Is Used By Chloroplasts To Make Hydrogen (H+) Ions Move Against Their Concentration Gradient
Answers
Answer:
When any solute (such as glucose, Na⁺, H⁺, K⁺ etc) is pumped against its concentration gradient on the cost of energy then the transport is named as active transport.
The pump usually gets energy from ATP (adenosine triphosphate) hydrolysis and is termed as primary active transport.
However, in some cases, coupling takes place i.e. a molecule moving down the gradient is coupled with a movement of another molecule moving against the concentration gradient. It is called as secondary active transport such as found in symporters and antiporters.
Similarly, in chloroplast when electron moves through the electron transport chain it looses energy some of which is used by the electron carriers to pump proton into the thyllakoid lumen.
This proton gradient is then used by ATP synthase (chemiosmosis) to produce ATP.
Answer: The ATP synthase which consists of several complex membranes of proteins functions chemiosmosis in combination with the electron transport chain. The energy of hydrogen ion is used to make ATP.
The hydrogen molecules crate ATP as the hydrogen ions are pumped through the inner membranes to the inter-membrane space. These allow having a concentration of H+ ions in the membrane.