Who are the main proponents of the principle of non-interference?
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ANSWER:
Vattel is credited with being the first to formulate a principle of non-intervention (Droit des gens ou principes de la loi naturelle, 1758, vol 1, para. 37). But whether the principle was reflected in the practice of States remained doubtful well into the Nineteenth Century (see for example, the Holy Alliance). Among early treaty formulations of the principle was Article 15 (8) of the Covenant of the League of Nations and the Montevideo Convention on Rights and Duties of States of 1933, which prohibited "interference with the freedom, the sovereignty or other internal affairs, or the processes of the Governments of other nations," together with the Additional Protocol on Non-Intervention of 1936. During the Cold War the Socialist countries in the Soviet bloc were particularly insistent on the principle of non-intervention, but so too were the colonial Powers in the early decades of the United Nations and later the many newly independent States. With the evolution of the right of self-determination and the development of international human rights law, the absolute nature of the principle has greatly diminished. The notion of "responsibility to protect" may represent a further inroad.