Question

who can say-those particel which is conducter of electry...is the particel conducter of magnet? and why?
plzzz say the ans..who know donot say mark me as.....​

Answer 1

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Conductors and insulators

The way that atoms bond together affects the electrical properties of the materials they form. For example, in materials held together by the metallic bond, electrons float loosely between the metal ions. These electrons will be free to move if an electrical force is applied. For example, if a copper wire is attached across the poles of a battery, the electrons will flow inside the wire. Thus, an electric current flows, and the copper is said to be a conductor.

The flow of electrons inside a conductor is not quite so simple, though. A free electron will be accelerated for a while but will then collide with an ion. In the collision process, some of the energy acquired by the electron will be transferred to the ion. As a result, the ion will move faster, and an observer will notice the wire’s temperature rise. This conversion of electrical energy from the motion of the electrons to heat energy is called electrical resistance. In a material of high resistance, the wire heats up quickly as electric current flows. In a material of low resistance, such as copper wire, most of the energy remains with the moving electrons, so the material is good at moving electrical energy from one point to another. Its excellent conducting property, together with its relatively low cost, is why copper is commonly used in electrical wiring.

The exact opposite situation obtains in materials, such as plastics and ceramics, in which the electrons are all locked into ionic or covalent bonds. When these kinds of materials are placed between the poles of a battery, no current flows—there are simply no electrons free to move. Such materials are called insulators.

Magnetic properties

The magnetic properties of materials are also related to the behaviour of electrons in atoms. An electron in orbit can be thought of as a miniature loop of electric current. According to the laws of electromagnetism, such a loop will create a magnetic field. Each electron in orbit around a nucleus produces its own magnetic field, and the sum of these fields, together with the intrinsic fields of the electrons and the nucleus, determines the magnetic field of the atom. Unless all of these fields cancel out, the atom can be thought of as a tiny magnet.

In most materials these atomic magnets point in random directions, so that the material itself is not magnetic. In some cases—for instance, when randomly oriented atomic magnets are placed in a strong external magnetic field—they line up, strengthening the external field in the process. This phenomenon is known as paramagnetism. In a few metals, such as iron, the interatomic forces are such that the atomic magnets line up over regions a few thousand atoms across. These regions are called domains. In normal iron the domains are oriented randomly, so the material is not magnetic. If iron is put in a strong magnetic field, however, the domains will line up, and they will stay lined up even after the external field is removed. As a result, the piece of iron will acquire a strong magnetic field. This phenomenon is known as ferromagnetism. Permanent magnets are made in this way.

nucleus is slightly less than the sum of the masses of the constituent protons and neutrons. This consistent discrepancy is not large—typically only a fraction of a percent—but it is significant. By Albert Einstein’s principles of relativity, this small mass deficit can be converted into energy via the equation E = mc2. Thus, in order to break a nucleus into its constituent protons and neutrons, energy must be supplied to make up this mass deficit. The energy corresponding to the mass deficit is called the binding energy of the nucleus, and, as the name suggests, it represents the energy required to tie the nucleus together. The binding energy varies across the periodic table and is at a maximum for iron, which is thus the most stable element.

Answer 2

Answer:

Conductors and insulators

The way that atoms bond together affects the electrical properties of the materials they form. For example, in materials held together by the metallic bond, electrons float loosely between the metal ions. These electrons will be free to move if an electrical force is applied. For example, if a copper wire is attached across the poles of a battery, the electrons will flow inside the wire. Thus, an electric current flows, and the copper is said to be a conductor.

The flow of electrons inside a conductor is not quite so simple, though. A free electron will be accelerated for a while but will then collide with an ion. In the collision process, some of the energy acquired by the electron will be transferred to the ion. As a result, the ion will move faster, and an observer will notice the wire’s temperature rise. This conversion of electrical energy from the motion of the electrons to heat energy is called electrical resistance. In a material of high resistance, the wire heats up quickly as electric current flows. In a material of low resistance, such as copper wire, most of the energy remains with the moving electrons, so the material is good at moving electrical energy from one point to another. Its excellent conducting property, together with its relatively low cost, is why copper is commonly used in electrical wiring.

The exact opposite situation obtains in materials, such as plastics and ceramics, in which the electrons are all locked into ionic or covalent bonds. When these kinds of materials are placed between the poles of a battery, no current flows—there are simply no electrons free to move. Such materials are called insulators.

Magnetic properties

The magnetic properties of materials are also related to the behaviour of electrons in atoms. An electron in orbit can be thought of as a miniature loop of electric current. According to the laws of electromagnetism, such a loop will create a magnetic field. Each electron in orbit around a nucleus produces its own magnetic field, and the sum of these fields, together with the intrinsic fields of the electrons and the nucleus, determines the magnetic field of the atom. Unless all of these fields cancel out, the atom can be thought of as a tiny magnet.

In most materials these atomic magnets point in random directions, so that the material itself is not magnetic. In some cases—for instance, when randomly oriented atomic magnets are placed in a strong external magnetic field—they line up, strengthening the external field in the process. This phenomenon is known as paramagnetism. In a few metals, such as iron, the interatomic forces are such that the atomic magnets line up over regions a few thousand atoms across. These regions are called domains. In normal iron the domains are oriented randomly, so the material is not magnetic. If iron is put in a strong magnetic field, however, the domains will line up, and they will stay lined up even after the external field is removed. As a result, the piece of iron will acquire a strong magnetic field. This phenomenon is known as ferromagnetism. Permanent magnets are made in this way.