Who classify the Indian forests?
Answers
Answer:
Decidious & Tropical forest
Answer:
(I) Tropical Evergreen Rainforests:
Trees in these forests do not have a distinct season of shedding leaves as the region is warm and wet throughout the year. The average annual rainfall in these areas is above 200 cms and the average temperature is near about 24°C. And average annual humidity exceeds 77 per cent.
(II) Tropical Deciduous Forest:
These are also called the monsoon forests par excellence. This is so because they form the natural cover almost all over India particularly between region of 200 and 75 centimetres of rainfall. Monsoon forest grows over the Sahyadris, the northeastern parts of the peninsular, middle and lower Ganga valley and along the foothills of the Himalayas in the Shivalik and terai region. Subdivided into two they are (i) moist deciduous and (ii) dry deciduous.
Example: (i) Palghat, Kerala: Important Species:
(III) Tropical Dry Forests:
These forest are found in areas receiving 50 to 100 centimetres of annual rainfall. A large parts of Maharasthra, Karnataka, Punjab, Andhra Pradesh, northern and western Paris of Madhya Pradesh and Southern parts of Uttar Pradesh cover this delta.
They are less dense and small in size than the trees of monsoon forests and these trees shed their leaves with the advance of summer season. Trees like babul, neem, pipal, mango etc. are found in these forests.
Important Species: Teak, Laurel, Rosewood, Mahua, Amla, Garari, Semul, Lendi.
IV) Tropical Thorn and Scrub Forests:
These forests are confined to areas with rainfall under 50-75 centimetres. These forests are found in Kutch, Saurashtra, south-western Punjab, western Haryana, western and northern Rajasthan, upper Ganga plains, the Deccan Plateau and the lower Peninsular India.
Kikar, babul, khair, and date palms are some of the useful trees. Scattered trees with long roots spread in a radial pattern are common features. These forests gradually fade away into scrubs and thorny bushes. They constitute the typical desert vegetation.
Example: (i) Sholapur (Maharashtra: Important Species:
Khair, Reunjha, Axlewood, Neem, Sandalwood, and Dharnan.
V) Tidal Forests:
The tidal area along the coasts and rivers is covered by mangrove trees that can survive in both fresh and salt water-the major characteristic of the tidal areas. On tide-washed coast where mud and silt have accumulated, dense mangrove forests flourish. They are found along the deltas of the Ganga, Mahanadi, Godavari, Krishna and Cauvery.
Example: Sunderbans
(VI) Riparian Forests:
These flourish along banks of rivers and other wet lands where rainfall is less than 50 cms. Short tree vegetation and grasses like Kans and munj predominate here. Deciduous vegetation like neem, shisham, pipal, mango, jamun, mahua, tamarind, babul etc. are also found.
(VII) Montane Wet Temperate Forests:
They flourish at a height of 1,800-3,000 m above sea level, in areas where the mean annual temperature is about 11°C to 14°C; mean annual rainfall is 150 cms. To 300 cms. And humidity is 83 per cent. Deodar, Indian chestnut, magnolia, plum, michilus, blue pine, oaks and hemlocks are important trees.
Example: Kalimpong, West Bengal: Important Species:
(VIIl) Sub-Tropical Broad Leaves Hill Forests:
They are mainly found between 915 m to 1830 m above sea level, where mean annual temperature is about 18″C to 21 °C, mean annual rainfall about 75 cms to 125 cms and humidity 80 per cent.
They occur in the highlands of Bastar, Pachmarhi, Mahabaleshwar, Nilgiris, Palni and Khasi hills; and on the lower slopes of the Himalayas, in West Bengal and Assam.
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