Question

Who decided the rewards and punishments for leaders

Answer 1

ᴛʜᴇ ʀᴇᴡᴀʀᴅ ᴀɴᴅ ᴘᴜɴɪsʜᴍᴇɴᴛ ɪᴛᴇᴍs ᴡᴇʀᴇ ᴛᴀᴋᴇɴ ғʀᴏᴍ ᴛʜᴇ ʟᴇᴀᴅᴇʀ ʀᴇᴡᴀʀᴅ ᴀɴᴅ ᴘᴜɴɪsʜᴍᴇɴᴛ ǫᴜᴇsᴛɪᴏɴɴᴀɪʀᴇ ᴅᴇᴠᴇʟᴏᴘᴇᴅ ʙʏ ᴘᴏᴅsᴀᴋᴏғғ ᴀɴᴅ sᴋᴏᴠ (ᴜɴᴘᴜʙʟɪsʜᴇᴅ ʀᴇsᴇᴀʀᴄʜ; ᴀʟsᴏ ᴘᴜʙʟɪsʜᴇᴅ ɪɴ ᴘᴏᴅsᴀᴋᴏғғ ᴇᴛ ᴀʟ., 1984). sɪx ɪᴛᴇᴍs ᴍᴇᴀsᴜʀᴇᴅ ᴄᴏɴᴛɪɴɢᴇɴᴛ ʀᴇᴡᴀʀᴅ (ᴇ.ɢ., “ʜᴇ ɢɪᴠᴇs ғᴏʟʟᴏᴡᴇʀs ʀᴇᴄᴏɢɴɪᴛɪᴏɴ ᴡʜᴇɴ ᴛʜᴇɪʀ ᴘᴇʀғᴏʀᴍᴀɴᴄᴇ ɪs ᴇsᴘᴇᴄɪᴀʟʟʏ ɢᴏᴏᴅ”).

Answer 2

Answer:

The reward and punishment items were taken from the Leader Reward and Punishment Questionnaire developed by Podsakoff and Skov (unpublished research; also published in Podsakoff et al., 1984). Six items measured contingent reward (e.g., “He gives followers recognition when their performance is especially good”).