Who gave phylogenetic system of classification?
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Answer:
In 1859, Darwin published his major work on evolution, On the Origin of Species by Natural Selection.After that, there was more and more interest in classifying organisms, incorporating the evolutionary history, including the genetic relationships, of the organisms.
Phylogeny
The evolutionary history of a group of genetically related organisms is called a phylogeny. It includes ancestor species and descendant species. A phylogeny is usually represented by a tree diagram called a phylogenetic tree. An early example of a phylogenetic tree is Darwin’s “Tree of Life” (see Figure below). In this diagram, Darwin was trying to show how he thought evolution had occurred. The tree shows how species evolved through time, from the bottom of the tree to the top. As species evolved, they formed new branches on the tree of life. Some of these species eventually branched into additional descendant species. Others died out, or went extinct, without leaving any descendants.

[Figure 1]
Darwin’s Tree of Life. This branching diagram represents the evolutionary histories of different species. It is the only diagram that originally appeared in Darwin’s famous 1859 book, On the Origin of Species by Natural Selection.
Modern biologists still use phylogenetic trees to represent evolutionary histories. A simple phylogenetic tree is shown in Figure below. The tips of the branches represent genetically related species. The branching points represent common ancestors. A common ancestor is the last ancestor species that two descendant species shared before they took different evolutionary paths. In the tree in Figure below, species 1 and 2 shared a more recent common ancestor with each other than with species 3. Therefore, species 1 and 2 are more closely related to one another than to species 3.

[Figure 2]
Phylogenetic Tree. This phylogenetic tree shows how hypothetical species 1, 2, and 3 are related to one another through common ancestors.
Ancestor species are like your own ancestors. Your most recent common ancestor with any siblings you may have is a shared parent. Your most recent common ancestor with a first cousin is a shared grandparent. Your most recent common ancestor with a second cousin is a shared great-grandparent. In general, the more distant the relationship between you and relatives in your own generation, the farther in the past you shared a common ancestor. The same holds true for related species. The more distant the relationship between two related species, the farther back in time they shared a common ancestor.