who propounded the term protoplasm
Answers
J. E. Purkinje
The word "protoplasm" comes from the Greek protos for first, and plasma for thing formed, and was originally used in religious contexts. It was used in 1839 by J. E. Purkinje for the material of the animal embryo.
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Protoplasm is the living part of a cell that is surrounded by a plasma membrane.
In some definitions, it is a general term for the cytoplasm (e.g., Mohl, 1846),[1] but for others, it also includes the nucleoplasm (e.g., Strasburger, 1882). For Sharp (1921), "According to the older usage the extra-nuclear portion of the protoplast [the entire cell, excluding the cell wall] was called "protoplasm," but the nucleus also is composed of protoplasm, or living substance in its broader sense. The current consensus is to avoid this ambiguity by employing Strasburger's [(1882)] terms cytoplasm [coined by Kölliker (1863), originally as synonym for protoplasm] and nucleoplasm ([term coined by van Beneden (1875), or] karyoplasm, [used by] Flemming [(1878)])".[2][3][4][5][6] The cytoplasm definition of Strasburger excluded the plastids (Chromatoplasm).
Like the nucleus, whether to include the vacuole in the protoplasm concept is controversial.[7]