Why aniline is ortho and para directing?
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because due to resonance they will release elctrons to the ring and at the same time remove the electron themselves due to +1 impact from the aromatic ring
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NH2 group in aniline is ortho and para directing group because they can realese electrons towards ring due to resonance and at the same time they withdraw the electrons towads themselves from aromatic ring due to +1 effect. The resonating stucture of anilineshows negative charge develops in ortho and para position.
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