why are energy change involved in harnesing hydrogen energy
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Hydrogen gas is an expensive and complex fuel to make because it has to be separated from whatever element it is joined to. It often takes a lot of energy to make hydrogen gas, making it a costly power source. There are a number of ways to separate hydrogen from its companion elements.
Before we look at how hydrogen is converted into electricity, it would be beneficial to know how hydrogen is produced. Hydrogen is produced using two main methods; steam reforming and electrolysis (commonly referred to as water splitting).
Steam reforming
This method produces hydrogen from hydrocarbon fuels such as methane, oil, renewable liquid fuels, gasified biomass, gasified coal and natural gas. A processing device called a reformer is used in this hydrogen production process. The reformer react steam with the hydrocarbon fuels at extremely high temperatures to generate hydrogen. Today, over 90% of hydrogen gas is produced using the steam reforming technique.
Electrolysis
Electrolysis is a method that utilizes direct current (DC) to instigate a chemical reaction. In the production of hydrogen, electrolysis decomposes water and splits it into its main elements, which are hydrogen and oxygen by use of an electric current. The electricity used in the electrolysis process can be derived from fossil fuels such as oil, natural gas, and coal or hydrocarbons.
Conversion of hydrogen into electricity
The most effective way to convert hydrogen into oxygen is using a fuel cell. A fuel cell converts chemical energy into electrical energy. A fuel cell enables hydrogen and oxygen to blend in an electrochemical reaction. The result is production of electricity, water, and heat. Fuel cells mimic batteries since they both convert the energy generated by the electrochemical reaction into useful electric power. Nonetheless, the fuel cell will generate electric power as long as fuel, mainly hydrogen, is available.
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