Question

why are heavy nuclei unstable?
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Answer 1

Answer:

In heavy nuclei, the Coulomb energy of proton repulsion becomes very significant and this makes the nuclei unstable.

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Answer 2

In heavy nuclei, the Coulomb energy of proton repulsion becomes very significant and this makes the nuclei unstable. It turns out that it is energetically more profitable for a nucleus to throw out a stable system of four particles, i.e., an alpha particle, than individual nucleons.

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