Why are planktic foraminifera biostratigraphycally more important than benthic foraminifera?
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Benthic foraminifera forms a large part of the biomass of the marine benthic community and are important proxies for paleoenvironmental studies owing to their abundance, sensitivity to environmental changes and extensive fossilization potential. Foraminifera can be used as
one of indicator for the depositional environment because its
morphology is flexible and can be changed by the ambient
environmental conditions. For example, in foraminifera, the development of spines and the arrangement of chambers are
controlled genetically, but pore size and density, the length of spines, and shell height are influenced by the ambient
environment .Benthic foraminifers are common used for Biostratigraphycal for Geological used. The benthic foraminifers are reliable
indicators of paleoecological condition change.
The present study is based on the examination and investigation of about 11 samples collected from 3 cores were prepared in a paleontological laboratory. Each core has different depth. P3S1 is
47 cm in depth and divided into 4 samples, taken per 10 cm. P2S2 is 38.5 cm and divided into 3 samples, taken per 10 cm.
P1S1 is 44 cm in depth and divided into 4 samples, taken per 10 cm. The washing of recent samples using detergent to
remove the remnants of sand grains attached to the foraminifera. The samples were washed several times through a sieve of 125 μm, by using gently flowing water, dried in an oven at 50 ˚C. Micropaleontological analysis
using a binocular microscope, then each sample is seen the percentage of each sediment and foraminifera. The sample in
picking depleted as much as 1 gram of the total dry sample. Literature using are Loeblich, A.R Jr, & Tappan, H (1994). R.
Wright Barker (1960), and Jean-Pierce Debenay (2012). The following data were calculated for paleoenvironment
interpretation by using the computer software SPSS to determine the spread of biofacies (sample analysis) and the association of each species (species analysis). The degree of
similarity between all pairs of samples in a study area can be calculated and these similarity values are then arranged
together in a hierarchical order until clusters of similar samples are lumped together. Presence/absence data or quantitative measures of species abundance have been used to calculate the measures of similarity. (Kaesler, 1966; Mello & Buzas, 1968; Howarth & Murray, 1969; Gevirtz, Park & Friedman, 1971; Brooks, 1973; Johnson & Albani, 1973).
Paleoecology interpretation based on recent foraminifera is using index diversity by Shannon-Weaver, 1990. Index diversity explains a relationship the assemblages of species in community.
environmental conditions. For example, in foraminifera, the development of spines and the arrangement of chambers are
controlled genetically, but pore size and density, the length of spines, and shell height are influenced by the ambient
environment .Benthic foraminifers are common used for Biostratigraphycal for Geological used. The benthic foraminifers are reliable
indicators of paleoecological condition change.
The present study is based on the examination and investigation of about 11 samples collected from 3 cores were prepared in a paleontological laboratory. Each core has different depth. P3S1 is
47 cm in depth and divided into 4 samples, taken per 10 cm. P2S2 is 38.5 cm and divided into 3 samples, taken per 10 cm.
P1S1 is 44 cm in depth and divided into 4 samples, taken per 10 cm. The washing of recent samples using detergent to
remove the remnants of sand grains attached to the foraminifera. The samples were washed several times through a sieve of 125 μm, by using gently flowing water, dried in an oven at 50 ˚C. Micropaleontological analysis
using a binocular microscope, then each sample is seen the percentage of each sediment and foraminifera. The sample in
picking depleted as much as 1 gram of the total dry sample. Literature using are Loeblich, A.R Jr, & Tappan, H (1994). R.
Wright Barker (1960), and Jean-Pierce Debenay (2012). The following data were calculated for paleoenvironment
interpretation by using the computer software SPSS to determine the spread of biofacies (sample analysis) and the association of each species (species analysis). The degree of
similarity between all pairs of samples in a study area can be calculated and these similarity values are then arranged
together in a hierarchical order until clusters of similar samples are lumped together. Presence/absence data or quantitative measures of species abundance have been used to calculate the measures of similarity. (Kaesler, 1966; Mello & Buzas, 1968; Howarth & Murray, 1969; Gevirtz, Park & Friedman, 1971; Brooks, 1973; Johnson & Albani, 1973).
Paleoecology interpretation based on recent foraminifera is using index diversity by Shannon-Weaver, 1990. Index diversity explains a relationship the assemblages of species in community.
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