Question

why are slave sultans so called

Answer 1

Because when Muhammad Ghori died in 1206, it was his slave, Qutb-ud-din Aibak who became the ruler of the Delhi Sultanate. When Aibak died in 1210, it was his slave, Iltutmish who would become the next sultan. When Iltutmish died in 1236, his daughter became the Sultan(a?). I'm not sure if you can call a female sultan as Sultana though. Anyway, I studied it as Raziya Sultana, the daughter of a slave, who succeeded her father.

It's probably because of these three rulers that it is called the Slave dynasty. They were never very popular with any of their subjects, even if Iltutmish was a very good ruler, who prevented the Mongols from attacking India - something that would have meant utter destruction. But the nobles of the court did not like it that a slave was sultan, and the general Hindu populace at the time did not like Muslims and their treatment at Muslim hands justifies their hate.

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Answer 2

Because when Muhammad Ghori died in 1206, it was his slave, Qutb-ud-din Aibak who became the ruler of the Delhi Sultanate. When Aibak died in 1210, it was his slave, Iltutmish who would become the next sultan. ...