Why dc arc welding is more used than ac arc welding in specialized applications?
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While AC/DC might make most reminisce about a certain era of rock music – I know I listened to plenty of the band’s music on KSHE 95 in St. Louis – to welders it means polarity. Stick welding is polarity driven. Direct current (DC) is used on most stick welding applications. Alternating current (AC) is typically only used as a second option.
DC stick welding offers advantages over AC when welding steel, including smoother and more stable arcs, easier starts, fewer arc outages, less spatter and easier vertical up and overhead welding. DC positive polarity provides a high level of penetration into the steel. DC negative polarity results in less penetration but a higher deposition rate. It is sometimes used, for example, on thin sheet metal in an attempt to prevent burn-through.
“Because AC polarity is half DC positive and half DC negative, it is right in the middle,” says Kevin A. Beardsley, application engineer, The Lincoln Electric Co. “You can choose AC if you don’t want to go DC negative because you don’t want that much penetration.”